Here we address six common prenatal nutrition myths. 

1. MYTH: EATING FOR TWO^1,2,3

One of the most prevalent myths is the notion that pregnant women should eat significantly more to nourish both themselves and the developing baby. The truth is that during the first trimester, additional calories are unnecessary. Only in the second and third trimesters should a woman consume approximately 300-500 extra calories per day to support the baby's growth. 

2. MYTH: VEGANS AND VEGETARIANS CANNOT HAVE A HEALTHY PREGNANCY^4,5

Some pregnant women who follow a vegan or vegetarian diet worry about obtaining adequate nutrients. You can reassure them that with careful planning and proper supplementation, it is entirely possible to have a healthy pregnancy on a plant-based diet. Emphasise the importance of obtaining essential nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids through plant-based sources or supplements. 

3. MYTH: AVOIDING ALL CAFFEINE^6,7,8,9

The belief that pregnant women should eliminate caffeine entirely is another common misconception. Moderate caffeine intake, limited to 200 milligrams per day, is generally safe during pregnancy. However, it is essential to note that caffeine content varies across different beverages and food products. 

4. MYTH: GESTATIONAL DIABETES IS CAUSED BY EATING TOO MUCH SUGAR^10,11,12

Gestational diabetes is a condition that affects some pregnant women, and there is often confusion about its causes. Clarify with patients that gestational diabetes is primarily influenced by hormonal changes during pregnancy and not solely by sugar intake. Educating women about the importance of balanced diets, regular physical activity, and proper prenatal care in managing and preventing gestational diabetes is crucial. 

5. MYTH: SUPPLEMENTS CAN REPLACE A HEALTHY DIET^2,13,14

Pregnant women may view prenatal supplements as a substitute for a well-rounded diet. While supplements play a very important role in meeting specific nutrient requirements, they should not replace a varied and nutrient-dense diet. Encouraging a focus on whole foods and emphasising that supplements should complement, not substitute, a healthy eating pattern can help debunk this myth. 

Pharmacists have a responsibility to combat myths and misconceptions surrounding prenatal nutrition. By providing evidence-based information and dispelling common misconceptions, you can play a crucial role in supporting the health and well-being of pregnant women and their babies. Empowering expecting mothers with accurate knowledge will enable them to make informed decisions about their diet, ensuring optimal nutrition during this critical period. 

REFERENCES 

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5104202/ 
2. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/nutrition-during-pregnancy#:~:text=During%20the%20first%20trimester%20with,%2C%20yogurt%2C%20and%20fresh%20fruit. 
3. https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/eating-right-before-and-during-pregnancy 
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470702/ 
5. https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/vegetarian-or-vegan-and-pregnant/ 
6. https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2021/november/moderate-amounts-of-caffeine-not-linked-to-maternal-health-risks 
7. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2010/08/moderate-caffeine-consumption-during-pregnancy 
8. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/caffeine-and-pregnancy-how-does-caffeine-affect-my-baby/ 
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625078/ 
10. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339 
11. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339 
12. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/diabetes/gestational-diabetes 
13. https://mhnpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40748-022-00139-9#Sec104 
14. https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/vitamins-supplements-and-nutrition/