The HCWM describes PVC as ‘problematic’ because it contains additives such as plasticisers, for example di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) among others. Phthalates are known endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs).1 The American Environmental Protection Agency classifies EDC as a ‘probable human carcinogen’, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies EDC as ‘possibly carcinogenic’ to humans and the European Union has recommended EDC as a ‘substance of very high concern’. Both EDC and vinylidene chloride also have non-cancer health effects.